Evita el `Cone of Shame` asegurando las pipelines de entrega de aplicaciones desde el día 0

2021-08-01

Evita el `Cone of Shame` asegurando las pipelines de entrega de aplicaciones desde el día 0

Machine-translated — the English original is authoritative.

TL;DR

Utiliza HashiCorp Packer v1.7.x con las nuevas plantillas HCL2 para construir, configurar y probar de forma consistente y segura las imágenes de la pipeline para el ecosistema de VMware, VMware ESXi 7.x y VMware vCentre Server Appliance 7.x. Los mismos principios utilizados con VMware en este ejemplo pueden ajustarse para otras plataformas en la nube como AWS, GCP, Azure, AliCloud, Oracle Cloud y Vagrant, por nombrar algunas.

Conclusiones Clave

  1. Desactiva siempre el acceso por nombre de usuario/contraseña a través de la red al inicio de tu pipeline por defecto y asegúrate de aprovechar ssh con pares de claves secretas como mínimo.

Inyecta una clave pública ssh para tu cuenta de creador de imágenes en el momento de la creación de la imagen y desactiva la autenticación de red mediante acceso por contraseña – desde el archivo preseed.cfg en este repositorio, la configuración se ve así

d-i preseed/late_command string \
    in-target sed -i 's/^%sudo.*$/%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL/g' /etc/sudoers; \
    in-target /bin/sh -c "echo 'Defaults env_keep += \"SSH_AUTH_SOCK\"' >> /etc/sudoers"; \
    in-target mkdir -p /home/iac4me/.ssh; \
    in-target /bin/sh -c "echo 'ssh-rsa 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 iac4me-BASTIONUSER-USER-KEY' >> /home/iac4me/.ssh/authorized_keys"; \
    in-target chown -R iac4me:iac4me /home/iac4me/; \
    in-target chmod -R go-rwx /home/iac4me/.ssh/authorized_keys; \
    in-target sed -i 's/PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config; \
    in-target sed -i 's/#PasswordAuthentication yes/PasswordAuthentication no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config;

Esta información de configuración variará dependiendo del Sistema Operativo (OS) que se esté instalando – está utilizando el instalador nativo del SO, en este caso es Ubuntu 18.x

No olvides actualizar los detalles de inicio de sesión utilizados por Packer durante el proceso de compilación en el archivo HCL – example.pkr.hcl

  ssh_private_key_file = "/Users/grazzer/.ssh/iac4me-id_rsa"
  ssh_username = "iac4me"

Nota: Si trabajas a escala y prefieres evitar la sobrecarga de la gestión de claves ssh, considera cambiar a la autenticación basada en certificados discutida anteriormente en esta entrada de blog

  1. Prueba las imágenes base en busca de cumplimiento a medida que las creas – ¿por qué esperar hasta que estés en producción para verificar vulnerabilidades y falta de cumplimiento? No las dejes escapar ahí fuera desde el principio.

Mentalidad de `Shift left` (desplazamiento a la izquierda) para seguridad y cumplimiento – involucra a estos equipos temprano incorporando el cumplimiento y la gobernanza en tu pipeline desde el principio.

Introducción

Casi a diario nos enteramos de otra gran brecha de datos con millones de detalles de usuarios filtrados o robados accidentalmente.

Ya no nos sorprenden estos eventos, sin embargo, eso no significa que debamos permitir que la complacencia se instale. Los gobiernos están comenzando a centrarse en estas brechas de datos, proporcionando recomendaciones y orientación de mejores prácticas en algunos casos, pero en todos los casos las multas y penalizaciones también están aumentando significativamente.

Lamentablemente, es lo último lo que tiende a impulsar un buen comportamiento en los negocios. Recuerdo estar sentado en una reunión de nivel C con una corporación global a finales de los 90 en Londres, demostrando un software de cumplimiento. Cuando llegó la discusión comercial, el cliente utilizó el tamaño de la multa por incumplimiento, factorado con la probabilidad de ser descubierto en primer lugar, como criterio de decisión clave sobre si invertirían o no en el software.

El reciente hackeo de la cadena de suministro de SolarWinds, expuesto públicamente en octubre de 2020, que en el momento de escribir este artículo en agosto de 2021 aún está afectando a muchas empresas, es otro ejemplo de por qué el patrón clásico de `Castle and Moate` (Castillo y Foso), utilizado por las empresas para proteger sus entornos de TI, se ha vuelto seriamente defectuoso. Todavía dependemos predominantemente de firewalls y VPNs para proteger los perímetros de nuestros centros de datos y luego asumimos que todos dentro de este círculo de confianza son buenos ciudadanos. No me malinterpreten aquí, los firewalls, las VPNs, etc. todos tienen un papel que desempeñar, pero hay mucho más que podemos hacer hoy en día.

Este artículo se centra en el comienzo de un flujo de trabajo de entrega de aplicaciones más moderno – el proceso de construcción fénix para una pipeline inmutable. Muchas palabras que básicamente se reducen a construir, configurar y probar las imágenes base al inicio de tu pipeline de entrega de aplicaciones en lugar de reconfigurar y actualizar aplicaciones existentes. Si aún tienes dificultades para encontrar una ventana de tiempo para aplicar la última ronda de parches a tu entorno de producción, es hora de comenzar a mirar estos nuevos patrones. Solo toma minutos para que una vulnerabilidad de día cero publicada sea weaponizada y dirigida hacia estas granjas de servidores heredadas. ¿Por qué seguimos operando de esta manera!

Cuando se necesita entregar un parche del Sistema Operativo o desplegar un lanzamiento de aplicación, estos cambios se implementan a través de una nueva imagen base, esta imagen luego pasa por Desarrollo y Pruebas de Aceptación de Usuario, y una vez exitosa, finalmente se implementará en Producción. Los programadores modernos como Kubernetes o Nomad proporcionan flujos de trabajo de entrega de aplicaciones avanzados que ayudan a mantener la disponibilidad de la aplicación al cambiar la aplicación antigua por la nueva. El rollback también puede ser rápido cuando sea necesario, como resultado del enfoque inmutable de esta pipeline de entrega.

HashiCorp hace una herramienta de código abierto muy poderosa y útil conocida como Packer, que está diseñada para usarse al inicio de este flujo de trabajo de entrega de aplicaciones moderno. Se puede utilizar para construir automáticamente y de forma consistente imágenes base repetibles que luego pueden ser consumidas por la siguiente fase del flujo de trabajo de la aplicación. Gran parte de la industria nativa de la nube ya ha adoptado Packer como su herramienta de facto para este proceso. Sin embargo, a menudo veo pipelines donde la seguridad ha sido omitida por conveniencia al inicio de este proceso. El propósito del resto de este artículo será proporcionar algunos consejos y trucos sobre cómo implementar nuevas imágenes utilizando claves ssh en lugar de contraseñas y también agregar pruebas a la imagen base para ayudar a impulsar el cumplimiento. Es mucho más barato corregir un error al inicio de esta pipeline que cuando está en producción. Todo lo mencionado aquí viene de serie con Packer – simplemente no siempre es implementado por los equipos.

Reconstruí la plataforma de prueba de VMware este fin de semana y compartiré un intento warts and all (con todas sus imperfecciones) de construir una imagen que funcionaba en enero. Todo lo que muestro aquí en VMware se puede adaptar fácilmente para AWS, Azure, GCP, etc. Si el tiempo lo permite, dejaré otros ejemplos en este repositorio en una fecha posterior.

Utilicé la versión 1.7.4 de Packer en este ejemplo.

Los pasos que seguí

$ brew tap hashicorp/tap
$ brew install hashicorp/tap/packer

==> Installing packer from hashicorp/tap
==> Downloading https://releases.hashicorp.com/packer/1.7.4/packer_1.7.4_darwin_amd64.zip
######################################################################## 100.0%
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/packer/1.7.4: 3 files, 161.4MB, built in 6 seconds
$ packer version
Packer v1.7.4
$ git clone git@github.com:allthingsclowd/packer-vsphere.git
Cloning into 'packer-vsphere'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 133, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (133/133), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (64/64), done.
remote: Total 133 (delta 59), reused 116 (delta 44), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (133/133), 22.56 KiB | 2.51 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (59/59), done.

$ cd packer-vsphere/
$ packer validate example.pkr.hcl
Error: Unset variable "webpagecounter_frontend_version"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "vagrant_version"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "terraform_version"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "env_consul_version"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "secretid_service_version"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "waypoint_entrypoint_version"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "boundary_version"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "boundary_desktop_version"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "packer_version"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "vault_version"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "nomad_version"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "golang_version"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "vcentre_host"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "esx_host"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "vcentre_password"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "envoy_version"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "webpagecounter_version"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "consul_version"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "nomad_autoscaler_version"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "consul_template_version"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "waypoint_version"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "vcentre_user"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.
$ source var.env
$ packer validate example.pkr.hcl
Error: Unset variable "vcentre_password"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "vcentre_host"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "esx_host"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Error: Unset variable "vcentre_user"

A used variable must be set or have a default value; see
https://packer.io/docs/templates/hcl_templates/syntax for details.

Fuera de este repositorio, tengo el siguiente archivo de secretos que también se sourcea para configurar las variables de entorno requeridas…

# vCenter Setup
export PKR_VAR_vcentre_user="@vsphere.local"
export PKR_VAR_vcentre_password=""
export PKR_VAR_vcentre_host="vCentre IP Address"
export PKR_VAR_esx_host="ESX IP Address"
$ packer validate example.pkr.hcl
$
$ packer build example.pkr.hcl

image

==> vsphere-iso.example: Provisioning with Inspec...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Executing Inspec: inspec exec test/ImageBuild-Packer-Test --backend ssh --host 127.0.0.1 --user grazzer --key-files /var/folders/qq/8hmjq2xj23qcgjj7c5dbnvzm0000gn/T/packer-provisioner-inspec.994691541.key --port 64111 --input-file /var/folders/qq/8hmjq2xj23qcgjj7c5dbnvzm0000gn/T/packer-provisioner-inspec.367916336.yml
==> vsphere-iso.example: read |0: file already closed
==> vsphere-iso.example: Provisioning step had errors: Running the cleanup provisioner, if present...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Clear boot order...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Power off VM...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Deleting Floppy image ...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Destroying VM...
Build 'vsphere-iso.example' errored after 20 minutes 26 seconds: Error executing Inspec: exec: "inspec": executable file not found in $PATH

==> Wait completed after 20 minutes 26 seconds

==> Some builds didn't complete successfully and had errors:
--> vsphere-iso.example: Error executing Inspec: exec: "inspec": executable file not found in $PATH

==> Builds finished but no artifacts were created.
$ curl https://omnitruck.chef.io/install.sh | sudo bash -s -- -P inspec
  % Total    % Received % Xferd   Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100 23409  100 23409    0     0   198k      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  198k
Password:
mac_os_x 11.4 x86_64
Getting information for inspec stable  for mac_os_x...
downloading https://omnitruck.chef.io/stable/inspec/metadata?v=&p=mac_os_x&pv=11.4&m=x86_64
  to file /tmp/install.sh.10782/metadata.txt
trying curl...
sha1    11e08ab78ce2971b7f129a2306e0a1636039b7f0
sha256  bc5772b1db8e13f2766390e995dbda1651813d1b1737c88af47b8f217acb03b0
url https://packages.chef.io/files/stable/inspec/4.38.9/mac_os_x/11/inspec-4.38.9-1.x86_64.dmg
version 4.38.9
downloaded metadata file looks valid...
downloading https://packages.chef.io/files/stable/inspec/4.38.9/mac_os_x/11/inspec-4.38.9-1.x86_64.dmg
  to file /tmp/install.sh.10782/inspec-4.38.9-1.x86_64.dmg
trying curl...
Comparing checksum with shasum...

WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING

You are installing a package without a version pin.  If you are installing
on production servers via an automated process this is DANGEROUS and you will
be upgraded without warning on new releases, even to new major releases.
Letting the version float is only appropriate in desktop, test, development or
CI/CD environments.

WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING

Installing inspec
installing dmg file...
Checksumming Protective Master Boot Record (MBR : 0)…
Protective Master Boot Record (MBR :: verified CRC32 $A63E199D
Checksumming GPT Header (Primary GPT Header : 1)…
 GPT Header (Primary GPT Header : 1): verified CRC32 $554DB84C
Checksumming GPT Partition Data (Primary GPT Table : 2)…
GPT Partition Data (Primary GPT Tabl: verified CRC32 $9451B1CA
Checksumming  (Apple_Free : 3)…
                    (Apple_Free : 3): verified CRC32 $00000000
Checksumming disk image (Apple_HFS : 4)…
....................................................................................................................
          disk image (Apple_HFS : 4): verified CRC32 $CE3F8BAF
Checksumming  (Apple_Free : 5)…
                    (Apple_Free : 5): verified CRC32 $00000000
Checksumming GPT Partition Data (Backup GPT Table : 6)…
GPT Partition Data (Backup GPT Table: verified CRC32 $9451B1CA
Checksumming GPT Header (Backup GPT Header : 7)…
  GPT Header (Backup GPT Header : 7): verified CRC32 $CA80E7E2
verified CRC32 $9E68E33F
/dev/disk3              GUID_partition_scheme
/dev/disk3s1            Apple_HFS                       /Volumes/chef_software
installer: Package name is InSpec
installer: Installing at base path /
installer: The install was successful.
"disk3" ejected.
$ packer build example.pkr.hcl
vsphere-iso.example: output will be in this color.

==> vsphere-iso.example: File /Users/grazzer/repos/packer-vsphere/packer_cache/a37af95ab12e665ba168128cde2f3662740b21a2.iso already uploaded; continuing
==> vsphere-iso.example: File [IntelDS2] packer_cache//a37af95ab12e665ba168128cde2f3662740b21a2.iso already exists; skipping upload.
==> vsphere-iso.example: Creating VM...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Customizing hardware...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Mounting ISO images...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Adding configuration parameters...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Creating floppy disk...
    vsphere-iso.example: Copying files flatly from floppy_files
    vsphere-iso.example: Copying file: ./http/preseed.cfg
    vsphere-iso.example: Done copying files from floppy_files
    vsphere-iso.example: Collecting paths from floppy_dirs
    vsphere-iso.example: Resulting paths from floppy_dirs : []
    vsphere-iso.example: Done copying paths from floppy_dirs
==> vsphere-iso.example: Uploading created floppy image
==> vsphere-iso.example: Adding generated Floppy...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Set boot order temporary...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Power on VM...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Waiting 10s for boot...

image

==> vsphere-iso.example: Provisioning with Inspec...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Executing Inspec: inspec exec test/ImageBuild-Packer-Test --backend ssh --host 127.0.0.1 --user grazzer --key-files /var/folders/qq/8hmjq2xj23qcgjj7c5dbnvzm0000gn/T/packer-provisioner-inspec.131501239.key --port 55207 --input-file /var/folders/qq/8hmjq2xj23qcgjj7c5dbnvzm0000gn/T/packer-provisioner-inspec.069478570.yml
    vsphere-iso.example: [2021-07-31T20:53:28+01:00] ERROR: Chef InSpec cannot execute without accepting the license
==> vsphere-iso.example: Provisioning step had errors: Running the cleanup provisioner, if present...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Clear boot order...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Power off VM...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Deleting Floppy image ...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Destroying VM...
Build 'vsphere-iso.example' errored after 10 minutes 34 seconds: Error executing Inspec: Inspec exited with unexpected exit status: 172. Expected exit codes are: [0 101]

==> Wait completed after 10 minutes 34 seconds

==> Some builds didn't complete successfully and had errors:
--> vsphere-iso.example: Error executing Inspec: Inspec exited with unexpected exit status: 172. Expected exit codes are: [0 101]

==> Builds finished but no artifacts were created.
 $ inspec --chef-license=accept
+---------------------------------------------+
✔ 1 product license accepted.
+---------------------------------------------+
Commands:
  inspec archive PATH                # archive a profile to tar.gz (default) or zip
  inspec check PATH                  # verify all tests at the specified PATH
  inspec clear_cache                 # clears the InSpec cache. Useful for debugging.
  inspec detect                      # detect the target OS
  inspec env                         # Output shell-appropriate completion configuration
  inspec exec LOCATIONS              # Run all tests at LOCATIONS.
  inspec help [COMMAND]              # Describe available commands or one specific command
  inspec json PATH                   # read all tests in PATH and generate a JSON summary
  inspec shell                       # open an interactive debugging shell
  inspec supermarket SUBCOMMAND ...  # Supermarket commands
  inspec vendor PATH                 # Download all dependencies and generate a lockfile in a `vendor` directory
  inspec version                     # prints the version of this tool

Options:
  l, [--log-level=LOG_LEVEL]                         # Set the log level: info (default), debug, warn, error
      [--log-location=LOG_LOCATION]                  # Location to send diagnostic log messages to. (default: $stdout or Inspec::Log.error)
      [--diagnose], [--no-diagnose]                  # Show diagnostics (versions, configurations)
      [--color], [--no-color]                        # Use colors in output.
      [--interactive], [--no-interactive]            # Allow or disable user interaction
      [--disable-user-plugins]                       # Disable loading all plugins that the user installed.
      [--enable-telemetry], [--no-enable-telemetry]  # Allow or disable telemetry
      [--chef-license=CHEF_LICENSE]                  # Accept the license for this product and any contained products: accept, accept-no-persist, accept-silent

About Chef InSpec:
  Patents: chef.io/patents

image

    vsphere-iso.example:   ✔  golang-version-1.0: golang version check
    vsphere-iso.example:      ✔  Command: `/usr/local/go/bin/go version` stdout is expected to match "1.16"
    vsphere-iso.example:   ×  envoy-exists-1.0: envoy software exists
    vsphere-iso.example:      ×  File /usr/local/bin/envoy is expected to exist
    vsphere-iso.example:      expected File /usr/local/bin/envoy to exist
    vsphere-iso.example:   ×  envoy-version-1.0: envoy version check
    vsphere-iso.example:      ×  Command: `/usr/local/bin/envoy --version` stdout is expected to match "1.17.0"
    vsphere-iso.example:      expected "" to match "1.17.0"
    vsphere-iso.example:
    vsphere-iso.example:
    vsphere-iso.example: Profile Summary: 25 successful controls, 2 control failures, 0 controls skipped
    vsphere-iso.example: Test Summary: 32 successful, 2 failures, 0 skipped
==> vsphere-iso.example: Provisioning step had errors: Running the cleanup provisioner, if present...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Clear boot order...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Power off VM...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Deleting Floppy image ...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Destroying VM...
Build 'vsphere-iso.example' errored after 10 minutes 54 seconds: Error executing Inspec: Inspec exited with unexpected exit status: 100. Expected exit codes are: [0 101]

==> Wait completed after 10 minutes 54 seconds

==> Some builds didn't complete successfully and had errors:
==> vsphere-iso.example: /tmp/script_4250.sh: line 128: getenvoy: command not found
==> vsphere-iso.example: chmod: cannot access '/usr/local/bin/getenvoy': No such file or directory
==> vsphere-iso.example: /tmp/script_4250.sh: line 130: /usr/local/bin/getenvoy: No such file or directory
==> vsphere-iso.example: cp: cannot stat '/usr/local/bin/builds/standard/1.17.0/linux_glibc/bin/envoy': No such file or directory
==> vsphere-iso.example: chmod: cannot access '/usr/local/bin/envoy': No such file or directory
==> vsphere-iso.example: /tmp/script_4250.sh: line 133: /usr/local/bin/envoy: No such file or directory
# control 'envoy-exists-1.0' do         
#   impact 1.0                      
#   title 'envoy software exists'
#   desc 'verify that envoy is installed'
#   describe file('/usr/local/bin/envoy') do 
#     it { should exist }
#   end
# end

# control 'envoy-version-1.0' do                      
#   impact 1.0                                
#   title 'envoy version check'
#   desc 'verify that envoy is the correct version'
#   describe command('/usr/local/bin/envoy --version') do
#    its('stdout') { should match envoy_version }
#   end
# end

image

$ git push
Enumerating objects: 35, done.
Counting objects: 100% (35/35), done.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (19/19), done.
Writing objects: 100% (26/26), 933.16 MiB | 1.92 MiB/s, done.
Total 26 (delta 8), reused 2 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (8/8), completed with 3 local objects.
remote: error: GH001: Large files detected. You may want to try Git Large File Storage - https://git-lfs.github.com.
remote: error: Trace: 58ba6c71facaeb026b51d562c13d6bfd54da57cdd13ef128e97c5ee43c426bd8
remote: error: See http://git.io/iEPt8g for more information.
remote: error: File packer_cache/a37af95ab12e665ba168128cde2f3662740b21a2.iso is 951.00 MB; this exceeds GitHub's file size limit of 100.00 MB
To github.com:allthingsclowd/packer-vsphere.git
 ! [remote rejected] update -> update (pre-receive hook declined)
error: failed to push some refs to 'github.com:allthingsclowd/packer-vsphere.git'
$ java -jar ~/Downloads/bfg-1.14.0.jar --strip-blobs-bigger-than 100M packer-vsphere/

Using repo : /Users/grazzer/repos/packer-vsphere/.git

Scanning packfile for large blobs: 134
Scanning packfile for large blobs completed in 23 ms.
Found 1 blob ids for large blobs - biggest=997195776 smallest=997195776
Total size (unpacked)=997195776
Found 11 objects to protect
Found 7 commit-pointing refs : HEAD, refs/heads/grazzer, refs/heads/update, ...

Protected commits
-----------------

These are your protected commits, and so their contents will NOT be altered:

 * commit 97d7665f (protected by 'HEAD')

Cleaning
--------

Found 26 commits
Cleaning commits:       100% (26/26)
Cleaning commits completed in 95 ms.

Updating 1 Ref
--------------

    Ref                 Before     After
    ---------------------------------------
    refs/heads/update | 97d7665f | cc8b9271

Updating references:    100% (1/1)
...Ref update completed in 21 ms.

Commit Tree-Dirt History
------------------------

    Earliest            Latest
    |                        |
    .....................DDDmm

    D = dirty commits (file tree fixed)
    m = modified commits (commit message or parents changed)
    . = clean commits (no changes to file tree)

                            Before     After
    -------------------------------------------
    First modified commit | cfcd2a9c | 6528e27
    Last dirty commit     | 23747e6c | 3f891d80

Deleted files
-------------

    Filename                                       Git id
    ------------------------------------------------------------------
    a37af95ab12e665ba168128cde2f3662740b21a2.iso | 1a5de3fe (951.0 MB)

In total, 9 object ids were changed. Full details are logged here:

    /Users/grazzer/repos/packer-vsphere.bfg-report/2021-08-01/09-35-21

BFG run is complete! When ready, run: git reflog expire --expire=now --all && git gc --prune=now --aggressive
$ cd packer-vsphere
$ git reflog expire --expire=now --all && git gc --prune=now --aggressive
Enumerating objects: 164, done.
Counting objects: 100% (164/164), done.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads
Compressing objects: 131/131), done.
Writing objects: 164/164), done.
Total 164 (delta 71), reused 61 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
grazzer@Grahams-MacBook-Pro ~/r/packer-vsphere (update)> git push
Enumerating objects: 41, done.
Counting objects: 100% (41/41), done.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads
Compressing objects: 16/16), done.
Writing objects: 32/32), 10.83 KiB | 10.83 MiB/s, done.
Total 32 (delta 10), reused 29 (delta 7), pack-reused 0
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (10/10), completed with 3 local objects.
To github.com:allthingsclowd/packer-vsphere.git
   8acc2bb..cc8b927  update -> update
$

image

$ packer build -on-error=abort example.pkr.hcl
vsphere-iso.example: output will be in this color.

==> vsphere-iso.example: File /Users/grazzer/repos/packer-vsphere/packer_cache/a37af95ab12e665ba168128cde2f3662740b21a2.iso already uploaded; continuing
==> vsphere-iso.example: File [IntelDS2] packer_cache//a37af95ab12e665ba168128cde2f3662740b21a2.iso already exists; skipping upload.
==> vsphere-iso.example: packer_templates/example already exists, you can use -force flag to destroy it: <nil>
==> vsphere-iso.example: Step "StepCreateVM" failed, aborting...
==> vsphere-iso.example: aborted: skipping cleanup of step "StepRemoteUpload"
==> vsphere-iso.example: aborted: skipping cleanup of step "StepCreateCD"
==> vsphere-iso.example: aborted: skipping cleanup of step "StepDownload"
==> vsphere-iso.example: aborted: skipping cleanup of step "StepConnect"
Build 'vsphere-iso.example' errored after 462 milliseconds 605 microseconds: packer_templates/example already exists, you can use -force flag to destroy it: <nil>

==> Wait completed after 462 milliseconds 786 microseconds

==> Some builds didn't complete successfully and had errors:
--> vsphere-iso.example: packer_templates/example already exists, you can use -force flag to destroy it: <nil>

==> Builds finished but no artifacts were created.
$ packer build -on-error=abort example.pkr.hcl
packer build -on-error=abort -force example.pkr.hcl
vsphere-iso.example: output will be in this color.

==> vsphere-iso.example: File /Users/grazzer/repos/packer-vsphere/packer_cache/a37af95ab12e665ba168128cde2f3662740b21a2.iso already uploaded; continuing
==> vsphere-iso.example: File [IntelDS2] packer_cache//a37af95ab12e665ba168128cde2f3662740b21a2.iso already exists; skipping upload.
==> vsphere-iso.example: the vm/template packer_templates/example already exists, but deleting it due to -force flag
==> vsphere-iso.example: Creating VM...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Customizing hardware...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Mounting ISO images...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Adding configuration parameters...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Creating floppy disk...
    vsphere-iso.example: Copying files flatly from floppy_files
    vsphere-iso.example: Copying file: ./http/preseed.cfg
    vsphere-iso.example: Done copying files from floppy_files
    vsphere-iso.example: Collecting paths from floppy_dirs
    vsphere-iso.example: Resulting paths from floppy_dirs : []
    vsphere-iso.example: Done copying paths from floppy_dirs
==> vsphere-iso.example: Uploading created floppy image
==> vsphere-iso.example: Adding generated Floppy...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Set boot order temporary...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Power on VM...

.

.

.

==> vsphere-iso.example: Shutting down VM...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Cannot shut down VM: ServerFaultCode: Cannot complete operation because VMware Tools is not running in this virtual machine.
==> vsphere-iso.example: Step "StepShutdown" failed, aborting...
==> vsphere-iso.example: aborted: skipping cleanup of step "StepProvision"
==> vsphere-iso.example: aborted: skipping cleanup of step "StepConnect"
==> vsphere-iso.example: aborted: skipping cleanup of step "StepWaitForIp"
==> vsphere-iso.example: aborted: skipping cleanup of step "StepBootCommand"
==> vsphere-iso.example: aborted: skipping cleanup of step "StepRun"
==> vsphere-iso.example: aborted: skipping cleanup of step "StepHTTPServer"
==> vsphere-iso.example: aborted: skipping cleanup of step "StepHTTPIPDiscover"
==> vsphere-iso.example: aborted: skipping cleanup of step "StepAddFloppy"
==> vsphere-iso.example: aborted: skipping cleanup of step "StepCreateFloppy"
==> vsphere-iso.example: aborted: skipping cleanup of step "StepConfigParams"
==> vsphere-iso.example: aborted: skipping cleanup of step "StepAddCDRom"
==> vsphere-iso.example: aborted: skipping cleanup of step "StepConfigureHardware"
==> vsphere-iso.example: aborted: skipping cleanup of step "StepCreateVM"
==> vsphere-iso.example: aborted: skipping cleanup of step "StepRemoteUpload"
==> vsphere-iso.example: aborted: skipping cleanup of step "StepCreateCD"
==> vsphere-iso.example: aborted: skipping cleanup of step "StepDownload"
==> vsphere-iso.example: aborted: skipping cleanup of step "StepConnect"
Build 'vsphere-iso.example' errored after 10 minutes 48 seconds: Cannot shut down VM: ServerFaultCode: Cannot complete operation because VMware Tools is not running in this virtual machine.

==> Wait completed after 10 minutes 48 seconds

==> Some builds didn't complete successfully and had errors:
--> vsphere-iso.example: Cannot shut down VM: ServerFaultCode: Cannot complete operation because VMware Tools is not running in this virtual machine.

==> Builds finished but no artifacts were created.

image

sudo apt-get install -y -q wget tmux unzip git redis-server nginx lynx jq curl net-tools open-vm-tools

  describe package('open-vm-tools') do
    it {should be_installed}
  end
    vsphere-iso.example:   ✔  golang-exists-1.0: golang exists
    vsphere-iso.example:      ✔  File /usr/local/go/bin/go is expected to exist
    vsphere-iso.example:   ✔  golang-version-1.0: golang version check
    vsphere-iso.example:      ✔  Command: `/usr/local/go/bin/go version` stdout is expected to match "1.16"
    vsphere-iso.example:
    vsphere-iso.example:
    vsphere-iso.example: Profile Summary: 22 successful controls, 0 control failures, 0 controls skipped
    vsphere-iso.example: Test Summary: 30 successful, 0 failures, 0 skipped
==> vsphere-iso.example: Shutting down VM...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Deleting Floppy drives...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Deleting Floppy image...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Eject CD-ROM drives...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Convert VM into template...
==> vsphere-iso.example: Clear boot order...
Build 'vsphere-iso.example' finished after 10 minutes 43 seconds.

==> Wait completed after 10 minutes 43 seconds

==> Builds finished. The artifacts of successful builds are:
--> vsphere-iso.example: example

image

Automatización feliz, Graz

Por Hacer

Originally published on allthingscloud.eu (2021-08-01).

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